However,I do not wish to dwell any further upon individual instances.Personal experience is a most vicious and limited circle.All that I desire to point out is the general principle that Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life,and I feel sure that if you think seriously about it you will find that it is true.Life holds the mirror up to Art,and either reproduces some strange type imagined by painter or sculptor,or realises in fact what has been dreamed in fiction.Scientifically speaking,the basis of life -the energy of life,as Aristotle would call it -is simply the desire for expression,and Art is always presenting various forms through which this expression can be attained.Life seizes on them and uses them,even if they be to her own hurt.
Young men have committed suicide because Rolla did so,have died by their own hand because by his own hand Werther died.Think of what we owe to the imitation of Christ,of what we owe to the imitation of Caesar.
CYRIL.The theory is certainly a very curious one,but to make it complete you must show that Nature,no less than Life,is an imitation of Art.Are you prepared to prove that?
VIVIAN.My dear fellow,I am prepared to prove anything.
CYRIL.Nature follows the landscape painter,then,and takes her effects from him?
VIVIAN.Certainly.Where,if not from the Impressionists,do we get those wonderful brown fogs that come creeping down our streets,blurring the gas-lamps and changing the houses into monstrous shadows?To whom,if not to them and their master,do we owe the lovely silver mists that brood over our river,and turn to faint forms of fading grace curved bridge and swaying barge?The extraordinary change that has taken place in the climate of London during the last ten years is entirely due to a particular school of Art.You smile.Consider the matter from a scientific or a metaphysical point of view,and you will find that I am right.For what is Nature?Nature is no great mother who has borne us.She is our creation.It is in our brain that she quickens to life.
Things are because we see them,and what we see,and how we see it,depends on the Arts that have influenced us.To look at a thing is very different from seeing a thing.One does not see anything until one sees its beauty.Then,and then only,does it come into existence.At present,people see fogs,not because there are fogs,but because poets and painters have taught them the mysterious loveliness of such effects.There may have been fogs for centuries in London.I dare say there were.But no one saw them,and so we do not know anything about them.They did not exist till Art had invented them.Now,it must be admitted,fogs are carried to excess.They have become the mere mannerism of a clique,and the exaggerated realism of their method gives dull people bronchitis.Where the cultured catch an effect,the uncultured catch cold.And so,let us be humane,and invite Art to turn her wonderful eyes elsewhere.She has done so already,indeed.That white quivering sunlight that one sees now in France,with its strange blotches of mauve,and its restless violet shadows,is her latest fancy,and,on the whole,Nature reproduces it quite admirably.Where she used to give us Corots and Daubignys,she gives us now exquisite Monets and entrancing Pissaros.Indeed there are moments,rare,it is true,but still to be observed from time to time,when Nature becomes absolutely modern.Of course she is not always to be relied upon.The fact is that she is in this unfortunate position.Art creates an incomparable and unique effect,and,having done so,passes on to other things.Nature,upon the other hand,forgetting that imitation can be made the sincerest form of insult,keeps on repeating this effect until we all become absolutely wearied of it.
Nobody of any real culture,for instance,ever talks nowadays about the beauty of a sunset.Sunsets are quite old-fashioned.They belong to the time when Turner was the last note in art.To admire them is a distinct sign of provincialism of temperament.Upon the other hand they go on.Yesterday evening Mrs.Arundel insisted on my going to the window,and looking at the glorious sky,as she called it.Of course I had to look at it.She is one of those absurdly pretty Philistines to whom one can deny nothing.And what was it?It was simply a very second-rate Turner,a Turner of a bad period,with all the painter's worst faults exaggerated and over-emphasised.Of course,I am quite ready to admit that Life very often commits the same error.She produces her false Renes and her sham Vautrins,just as Nature gives us,on one day a doubtful Cuyp,and on another a more than questionable Rousseau.Still,Nature irritates one more when she does things of that kind.It seems so stupid,so obvious,so unnecessary.A false Vautrin might be delightful.A doubtful Cuyp is unbearable.However,I don't want to be too hard on Nature.I wish the Channel,especially at Hastings,did not look quite so often like a Henry Moore,grey pearl with yellow lights,but then,when Art is more varied,Nature will,no doubt,be more varied also.That she imitates Art,Idon't think even her worst enemy would deny now.It is the one thing that keeps her in touch with civilised man.But have Iproved my theory to your satisfaction?
CYRIL.You have proved it to my dissatisfaction,which is better.
But even admitting this strange imitative instinct in Life and Nature,surely you would acknowledge that Art expresses the temper of its age,the spirit of its time,the moral and social conditions that surround it,and under whose influence it is produced.
VIVIAN.Certainly not!Art never expresses anything but itself.
This is the principle of my new aesthetics;and it is this,more than that vital connection between form and substance,on which Mr.
