Of 'sameness' then, as has been said,' three senses are to be distinguished. Now one way to confirm that the elements mentioned above are those out of which and through which and to which arguments proceed, is by induction: for if any one were to survey propositions and problems one by one, it would be seen that each was formed either from the definition of something or from its property or from its genus or from its accident. Another way to confirm it is through reasoning. For every predicate of a subject must of necessity be either convertible with its subject or not: and if it is convertible, it would be its definition or property, for if it signifies the essence, it is the definition; if not, it is a property: for this was what a property is, viz. what is predicated convertibly, but does not signify the essence. If, on the other hand, it is not predicated convertibly of the thing, it either is or is not one of the terms contained in the definition of the subject: and if it be one of those terms, then it will be the genus or the differentia, inasmuch as the definition consists of genus and differentiae; whereas, if it be not one of those terms, clearly it would be an accident, for accident was said' to be what belongs as an attribute to a subject without being either its definition or its genus or a property.
同类推荐
热门推荐
曾国藩全书(第七卷)
本书辑录古典文学语言的精华,它言简意赅;形象生动,成语故事则让儿童在妙趣无穷的故事中熟知一定的成语。从而对学习语言产生浓厚的兴趣,对儿童丰富词汇、增长知识大有益处。科学研究表明儿童在学龄前及小学低年级这一阶段是知识启蒙,道德启蒙的最佳时期,这些内容健康,浅易显懂的成语故事,必将会使儿童终身受益。